American Foreign Relations: A History, Brief Edition: Volume I To 1920 - Softcover

Thomas G. Paterson, professor emeritus of history at the University of Connecticut, graduated from the University of New Hampshire (B.A., 1963) and the University of California, Berkeley (Ph.D., 1968). He is the author of Soviet-American Confrontation (1973), Meeting the Communist Threat (1988), On Every Front (1992), Contesting Castro (1994), America Ascendant (with J. Garry Clifford, 1995), and A People and a Nation (with Mary Beth Norton et al., 2001). Tom is also the editor of Cold War Critics (1971), Kennedy's Quest for Victory (1989), Imperial Surge (with Stephen G. Rabe, 1992), The Origins of the Cold War (with Robert McMahon, 1999), Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations (with Michael J. Hogan, 2004), and Major Problems in American Foreign Relations (with Dennis Merrill, 2010). With Bruce Jentleson, he served as senior editor for the Encyclopedia of American Foreign Relations (1997). A microfilm edition of The United States and Castro's Cuba, 1950s-1970s: The Paterson Collection appeared in 1999. He has served on the editorial boards of the Journal of American History and Diplomatic History. A recipient of a Guggenheim fellowship, he has directed National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Seminars for College Teachers. In 2000 the New England History Teachers Association recognized his excellence in teaching and mentoring with the Kidger Award. Besides visits to many American campuses, Tom has lectured in Canada, China, Colombia, Cuba, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, Russia, and Venezuela. He is a past president of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, which in 2008 honored him with the Laura and Norman Graebner Award for "lifetime achievement" in scholarship, service, and teaching. A native of Oregon, Tom is now informally associated with Southern Oregon University.

J. Garry Clifford teaches at the University of Connecticut, where he is a professor of political science and director of its graduate program. Born in Massachusetts, he earned his B.A. from Williams College (1964) and his Ph.D. in history from Indiana University (1969). He has also taught at the University of Tennessee and Dartmouth College and has participated in two National Endowment for the Humanities seminars for high school teachers at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. For his book The Citizen Soldiers (1972), he won the Frederick Jackson Turner Award of the Organization of American Historians. With Norman Cousins, he has edited Memoirs of a Man: Grenville Clark (1975), and with Samuel R. Spencer, Jr., he has written The First Peacetime Draft (1986). He also co-authored America Ascendant (with Thomas G. Paterson, 1995). With Theodore A. Wilson, he edited and contributed to Presidents, Diplomats, and Other Mortals: Essays in Honor of Robert H. Ferrell (2007). Garry's chapters have appeared in Gordon Martel, ed., American Foreign Relations Reconsidered (1994), Michael J. Hogan and Thomas G. Paterson, eds., Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations (1991 and 2004), Arnold A. Offner and Theodore A. Wilson, eds., Victory in Europe, 1945 (2000), and in the Journal of American History, Review of Politics, Mid-America, American Neptune, and Diplomatic History. Garry has served on the editorial board of Diplomatic History as well as on the editorial board of the Modern War Series of the University Press of Kansas. He is currently writing a book on FDR and American intervention in World War II.

Shane J. Maddock is professor of history at Stonehill College in Easton, Massachusetts, where he also serves on the faculty of the Martin Institute for Law and Society. Born in North Dakota, he earned his B.A. from Michigan State University (1989) and his Ph.D. from the University of Connecticut (1997). He also taught at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. Shane edited The Nuclear Age (2001) and contributed a chapter to G. Kurt Piehler and Rosemary Mariner, eds., The Atomic Bomb and American Society (2008). He has also published in the Journal of American History, International History Review, Pacific Historical Review, New England Journal of History, Presidential Studies Quarterly, Mid-America, Journal of Military History, American Jewish History, Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, History in Dispute, and Encyclopedia of U.S. Foreign Relations. He received fellowships from the Institute for the Study of World Politics, the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and the Hoover, Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson presidential libraries. His book, Nuclear Apartheid: The American Quest for Atomic Supremacy will be published by University of North Carolina Press.

Deborah Kisatsky is associate professor of history at Assumption College in Worcester, Massachusetts. Born in Pennsylvania, she earned her B.A. (1990) and Ph.D. (2001) from the University of Connecticut. Deborah published The United States and the European Right, 1945-1955 with Ohio State University Press in 2005. She has also published in The American Historical Review, Intelligence and National Security, The Historian, Presidential Studies Quarterly, The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, and the Encyclopedia of U.S. Foreign Relations. Deborah has received fellowships from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the Center for European Integration Studies (University of Bonn), the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, and the Harry S. Truman Institute. She is currently writing a book about the life, thought, and transnational legacy of the nineteenth-century communitarian and social radical Adin Ballou.

Kenneth J. Hagan is a professor of strategy and policy at the U.S. Naval War College, Monterey Program, and professor of history and museum director emeritus at the U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis. He previously taught at Claremont McKenna College, Kansas State University, and as an adjunct at the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. A native of California, he received his A.B. and M.A. from the University of California, Berkeley (1958, 1964) and his Ph.D. from the Claremont Graduate University (1970). Ken is the author of This People's Navy: The Making of American Sea Power (1991), a comprehensive history of American naval strategy and policy since the Revolution, American Gunboat Diplomacy and the Old Navy, 1877-1889 (1973), and co-author with Ian J. Bickerton of Unintended Consequences: The United States at War (2007), a critical reassessment of ten American wars from the American Revolution to Iraq. His scholarship also includes two edited collections of original essays: In Peace and War: Interpretations of American Naval History, 30th Anniversary Edition (2008) and, with William Roberts, Against All Enemies: Interpretations of American Military History from Colonial Times to the Present (1986). He has lectured on the history of U.S. naval strategy at the Canadian Forces College, the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, and the U.S. National War College. Ken has given papers on naval and diplomatic history at professional meetings in Sweden, Greece, Turkey, France, Spain, and the United Kingdom. In 2006 and 2007 he spoke on naval history at conferences hosted by the Royal Australian Navy in Sydney and Canberra. In 2007 and 2008 he discussed the unintended consequences of war at Oxford University and at Strathclyde University in Glasgow, Scotland. For thirty years he has advised the Naval ROTC college program on its naval history course.

Note: Each chapter concludes with Further Reading for the Period. VOLUME I 1. Embryo of Empire: Americans and the World Before 1789 Diplomatic Crossroad: Jay, Franklin, Adams, and Negotiations for Independence, 1782 Reaching for Independence: Ideology and Commercial Power Opportunity and Necessity: Alliance with France Suspicious Suitors in Europe A Separate Peace: The Treaty of Paris Diplomatic Frustrations Under the Articles of Confederation The New Constitution and the Legacy of the Founding Generation 2. Independence, Expansion, and War, 1789-1815 Diplomatic Crossroad: The Chesapeake Affair, 1807 The French Revolution and American Debates Commerce, Politics, and Diplomacy: Jay's Treaty Pinckney's Treaty, France, and Washington's Farewell The XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War with France The Louisiana Purchase Blockades, Neutral Trade, and Impressment, 1803-1807 "Peaceable Coercion" and the War of 1812 In All the Tenses: Why War Came Wartime Diplomacy and the Peace of Ghent The Legacy of an Unwon War 3. Extending and Preserving the Sphere, 1815-1848 Diplomatic Crossroad: Mexican-American War on the Rio Grande, 1846 Expanding the Sphere: Manifest Destiny Commercial Ambitions in the Pacific John Quincy Adams, the Floridas, and the Transcontinental Treaty The Monroe Doctrine Targets Europe and the Western Hemisphere Trade, Canada, and Other Anglo-American Intersections Contest over Oregon The Texas Revolution and Annexation The War with Mexico and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo The Lessons and Costs of Expansion, 1815-1848 4. Expansionism, Sectionalism, and Civil War, 1848-1865 Diplomatic Crossroad: William Walker and Filibustering in Central America, 1855-1860 Sectionalism and Sputtering Expansionism The South's Dream of Empire The Cuba-United States Nexus Openings to East Asia Anglo-American Detente, an Isthmian Canal, and Central America The American Civil War and International Relations British "Lookers On" Across the Atlantic War as Catalyst 5. Global Rivalry and Regional Power, 1865-1895 Diplomatic Crossroad: The Foiled Grab of the Dominican Republic, 1869-1870 The Culture of Expansionism and Imperialism Economic Expansion and International Rivalry The New Navy Secretary William H. Seward Eyes the Future Great Britain, Canada, and North American Disputes Americans in Asia: China, Japan, and Korea Pacific Prizes: Hawai'i and Samoa Eyeing Africa Latin America Moves into the Yankee Vortex 6. Imperialist Leap, 1895-1900 Diplomatic Crossroad: The Maine, McKinley, and War, 1898 The Venezuela Crisis of 1895 Men of Empire Cleveland and McKinley Confront Cuba Libre, 1895-1898 The Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War Peace and Empire: The Debate in the United States Imperial Collisions in Asia: The Philippine Insurrection and the Open Door in China The Elbows of a World Power, 1895-1900 7. Managing, Policing, and Extending the Empire, 1900-1914 Diplomatic Crossroad: Severing Panama from Colombia for the Canal, 1903 The Conservative Shapers of Empire Cuba Under the Platt Amendment The Constable of the Caribbean The Quest for Order in Haiti and Nicaragua The Mexican Revolution Threatens U.S. Interests Japan, China, and Dollar Diplomacy in Asia Anglo-American Rapprochement and Empire-Building 8. War, Peace, and Revolution in the Time of Wilson, 1914-1920 Diplomatic Crossroad: The Sinking of the Lusitania, 1915 The Travails of Neutrality Submarines, Neutral Rights, and Mediation Efforts Wilson Leads America into World War The Debate over Preparedness The Doughboys Make the Difference in Europe The Fourteen Points and the Peace Conference Principle, Personality, Health, and Partisanship: The League Fight Red Scare Abroad: Bolshevism and Intervention in Russia The Whispering Gallery of Global Disorder VOLUME II 1. Imperialist Leap, 1895-1900 Diplomatic Crossroad: The Maine, McKinley, and War, 1898 The Venezuela Crisis of 1895 Men of Empire Cleveland and McKinley Confront Cuba Libre, 1895-1898 The Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War Peace and Empire: The Debate in the United States Imperial Collisions in Asia: The Philippine Insurrection and the Open Door in China The Elbows of a World Power, 1895-1900 2. Managing, Policing, and Extending the Empire, 1900-1914 Diplomatic Crossroad: Severing Panama from Colombia for the Canal, 1903 The Conservative Shapers of Empire Cuba Under the Platt Amendment The Constable of the Caribbean The Quest for Order in Haiti and Nicaragua The Mexican Revolution Threatens U.S. Interests Japan, China, and Dollar Diplomacy in Asia Anglo-American Rapprochement and Empire-Building 3. War, Peace, and Revolution in the Time of Wilson, 1914-1920 Diplomatic Crossroad: The Sinking of the Lusitania, 1915 The Travails of Neutrality Submarines, Neutral Rights, and Mediation Efforts Wilson Leads America into World War The Debate over Preparedness The Doughboys Make the Difference in Europe The Fourteen Points and the Peace Conference Principle, Personality, Health, and Partisanship: The League Fight Red Scare Abroad: Bolshevism and Intervention in Russia The Whispering Gallery of Global Disorder 4. Descending into Europe's Maelstrom, 1920-1939 Diplomatic Crossroad: Roosevelt's Attempt to Extend America's Frontier to the Rhine, 1939 The Independent Internationalists Economic and Cultural Expansion in a Rickety World Peace Seekers for a World Without War Cold as Steel: Soviet-American Encounters Hitler's Germany, Appeasement, and the Outbreak of War American Isolationism and the Neutrality Acts Roosevelt Shifts and Congress Balks on the Eve of War 5. Asia, Latin America, and the Vagaries of Power, 1920-1939 Diplomatic Crossroad: The Manchurian Crisis, 1931-1932 A Question of Power Facing Japan: The Washington Naval Disarmament Conference and China Japan's Footsteps for a New Pacific Order Making and Managing Good Neighbors in Latin America Creating Dictators in the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, and Haiti Subverting Nationalism in Cuba and Puerto Rico Compromising with Mexico: Oil and Nationalism Pan Americanism and the Approach of the Second World War 6. Survival and Spheres: The Allies and the Second World War, 1939-1945 Diplomatic Crossroad: The Atlantic Charter Conference, 1941 Juggling Between War and Peace, 1939-1941 Asian Collision Course: Japanese-American Relations, 1939-1941 The Big Three: Strategies and Fissures, 1941-1943 In Search of a China Policy Bystanders to the Holocaust Planning the Postwar Peace, 1943-1945 Compromises at Yalta To Each Its Own: Allied Divergence and Spheres of Influence The Potsdam Conference and the Legacy of the Second World War 7. All-Embracing Struggle: The Cold War Begins, 1945-1950 Diplomatic Crossroad: The Atomic Bomb at Hiroshima, 1945 The Big Two and the International System Challenging the Soviet Sphere in Eastern Europe Stiffening Up: Early Cold War Crises The Truman Doctrine, Israel, and Containment On Its Feet and Off Our Backs: The Marshall Plan, NATO, and the Division of Europe Asian Allies: Restoring Japan and Backing Jiang in China The People's Republic of China and U.S. Nonrecognition A Cold War Culture Emerges 8. Global Watch: The Korean War and Eisenhower Foreign Relations, 1950-1961 Diplomatic Crossroad: The Decision to Intervene in the Korean War, 1950 Korea, the Cold War, and the "Trojan Horse" of National Security Ambivalent Cold Warrior: Dwight D. Eisenhower Dulles, McCarthyism, and the New Look The Glacier Grinds On: Khrushchev, Eisenhower, and the Cold War Missile Race, Berlin, and the U-2 Mess To the Brink with China; To the Market with Japan The Third World Rises: Revolutionary Nationalism and Nonalignment Stormy Weather: Nationalism in the Middle East and Latin America Cultural Expansion and the Globalized Cold War 9. Passing the Torch: The Vietnam Years, 1961-1969 Diplomatic Crossroad: The Tet Offensive in Vietnam, 1968 Vietnamese Wars Before 1961 John F. Kennedy and His "Action Intellectuals" Arms Buildup, Berlin, and Nation Building The Most Dangerous Area in the World: The Cuban Revolution and Latin America Spinning out of Control: The Cuban Missile Crisis Laos, Vietnam, and the Kennedy Legacy Nose to Nose: Lyndon B. Johnson and the World "The Biggest Damned Mess": Johnson's Vietnam War As Doves Dissent, the Peace Efforts Fail 10. Detente and Disequilibrium, 1969-1977 Diplomatic Crossroad: Richard M. Nixon's Trip to China, 1972 Nixon, Kissinger, and Their Critics Detente, SALT, and the Nuclear Arms Race Regional Tails Wagging the Superpower Dogs: The Middle East Covert Action and Economic Relations in Latin America and Africa Economic Competition, Environmental Distress, and the North-South Debate Vietnamization, Cambodia, and a Wider War The Jabberwocky Peace Agreement, Withdrawal, and Defeat The Many Lessons and Questions of Vietnam 11. To Begin the World Over Again: Carter, Reagan, and Revivalism, 1977-1989 Diplomatic Crossroad: The Iranian Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981 Zbigs and Zags: Carter's Divided Administration The Panama Canal and High Voltage Nationalism in Latin America Carter's Activism in the Middle East and Africa The Red Thread: SALT-II, Afghanistan, and the Carter Record Ronald Reagan's Mission to Revive Hegemony Soviet-American Crises and Antinuclearism The "Backyard": Central America and the Caribbean Hornets' Nests in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia Triumphs and Hazards: The Reagan Legacy 12. Imperial America: The United States and the World Since 1989 Diplomatic Crossroad: 9/11 and After The Earthquakes of 1989-1991 Indispensable Nation: Bush-Clinton-Bush and Post-Cold War Priorities Russian Disintegration, German Reunification, NATO Expansion, Balkan Hell Hope and Tragedy in Africa Markets, Invasions, and Implosions in Latin America Mideast Quagmires Feuding and Trading with China, Vietnam, and Japan Global Bewilderments and Opportunities